Ko te whatanga taputapu ahumahi he waahanga tuku niho, ehara i te pae tapawhā noa. Ko tona tuara papatahi, tapanga taha, raina niho, kohao whakapuru, Ko nga pito hono me nga rohe wera-wera me mahi tahi me te pinion me te turanga miihini. Ka taea e te whatanga te torotika ki runga i te mata o muri engari ka whiria te roa, ka tutaki ranei ki te tirotiro tika-tinana i te wa e hangai kino ana nga niho i te whakaurunga.
Ko te otinga whakatika whatanga taputapu ahumahi pono me tautuhi i te waahanga hangahanga, papa tohutoro mahi, piko tonu me te whiri, mahere tiaki niho, nga rohe whakatika me te hononga i waenga i te ahuahanga whatanga kua tukuna me te mata pinion whakamutunga.
*He whakaahua ariā hangarau.* Ehara tenei i te whakaahua-paetukutuku. Wāhanga whatanga tūturu, ahua niho, whanganga miihini, Ko te tikanga pukoro me te kaha whakatika ka whakawhirinaki ki nga tuhi me nga whakamatautau tauira.
He aha te take e hiahiatia ana e nga whatanga taputapu ahumahi he otinga motuhake
| Āhuahira Rack | Whakatikatika morearea | Whakautu Kaupapa |
|---|---|---|
| He tapawha roa, he tapawha ranei te tinana | Ka taea te piko poutū me te taha taha | Inehia nga ahunga matua e rua ki te roa e taea ana te whakamahi |
| Niho ki te mata kotahi | He mahi nga tohu niho me nga taha, āhuatanga kino-tairongo | Puritia nga niho i waho i te tautoko, rawhi me te pehi i nga ara uta |
| Ko nga niho torotika ranei | Ko nga huringa aronga niho e whakaatu ana i te rongo me te tirohanga tahi | Whakamahia te inenga mo te ahua-niho me nga tohutoro motuhake mo te tauira |
| Mata whakapuru tuara me te taha | I te nuinga o nga wa ka whakatauhia e enei papa te ahuahanga whakaurunga | Tautuhia te tatauranga tuhi, tautoko miihini me te turanga kaihoko motuhake |
| Toriona | Ka huri tetahi pito ki tetahi pito | Te ine i te takotoranga koki ma te teihana me te whakatika wehe ke |
| Rohe niho whakapakeke | Ko te whakatikatika ka pakaru, ka pakaru ranei i tetahi rohe pakeke o te rohe | Maheretia te pakeke/take me te aukati i nga rohe kawenga ma te whakamatautau tauira |
| Whakanuia nga rua me nga hononga | Ka haukotia e nga poka te inenga; Ko nga hononga e hiahia ana kia mau tonu te pitch | Ko te whakakore i te whakakikorua me te manatoko motuhake i te ahuahanga hononga/atanga |
| Matau piniona | Ko te tika o te tinana anake e kore e whakaatu i te whakamuri me te pa ki nga niho | Tāpirihia te whakaurunga, te hononga rangatira-pinion ranei ina hiahiatia |
Ko te whainga kia kaua e tohe te whatanga ki tetahi tohutoro tika. Ko te whainga kia tutuki i tetahi hononga kua whakaaetia i waenga i ona tohu tinana, raina niho, nga pito hono me te punaha puku kua whakauruhia.
Kia wehea te Rack Ahumahi mai i te Rack Arataki me te Raera Aratohu
| Mea mahi | Geometry Matua | Konga Ihirangi Motuhake |
|---|---|---|
| whatanga taputapu ahumahi | Pae tapawha/tapawha roa me nga niho totika, totoro ranei | Te tohu o muri/taha, āhuahanga raina-niho, piko, takahurihuri, te piriti me te mata |
| Te urungi waka | He porowhita, he ahua Y ranei me te rohe niho o te rohe me nga hautaka mutunga | Rack-shaft Datum Automotive, te rongonga rohe-niho me nga hononga hautaka |
| Rererangi arataki raina | Rerewei-whakapapa kua tohua me nga huarahi reihi me nga kohao whakapuru | Aratohu mata ira, tiaki huarahi reihi, piko/twwhi-katoa me te whakaurunga waka |
Ko tenei whaarangi mo nga taputapu miihini, pūnaha aunoa, nga here, te hiki / te whakahaere i nga punaha me etahi atu tono rack-and-pinion ahumahi. Automotive steering racks remain a separate family within the planned Nga Rongoa Whakatika i te Rakau puku, i te mea kei te noho tonu nga ihirangi e arotahi ana ki te reihi Raina Aratohu Rail Whakatika Rongoa.
Tautuhia te Whanau Rack i mua i te kowhiri i nga taputapu
He rereke nga whatanga ahumahi. Me tautuhi te tono:
- niho-to-te-to-te-too ranei;
- tapawhā, he tapawha, he tinana tohu ranei;
- kotahi-waahanga, whakaurunga hono/waahanga ranei;
- ngawari, na roto-pakeke, induction-pakeke, take-pakeke ranei huru;
- tapahia, mira, te ahua o te niho whenua kua oti ranei;
- runga-, taha- te takotoranga ki raro ranei;
- werohia, porotiti, te tinana kua awhi, kua mau ranei;
- whatanga oti, semi-finished blank or rack before final grinding;
- matching pinion, module or circular-pitch system and accuracy requirement.
One recipe cannot safely cover every rack with the same module, because body section, pakeke, tooth direction, hole pattern and manufacturing stage change stiffness and safe contact zones.
Whakatio i te Wāhanga Hangahanga
Rack Blank Before Tooth Cutting
The part behaves mainly as a profile bar. Later tooth machining, heat treatment and grinding can introduce new distortion, so blank straightness is an intermediate control.
After Tooth Cutting, I mua i te maimoatanga wera
Teeth already require protection, but the material condition may permit more correction than after hardening. Subsequent heat treatment still requires remeasurement.
I muri i te maimoatanga wera
Heat treatment can produce bend and twist and change springback. Me rauemi te kaupapa, kōtaha pakeke, te hohonu o te keehi ina e tika ana, morearea kapiti me te riaka whakatika e whakaaetia ana.
Whai muri i te mira Niho, te Whakaoti Whakamutunga ranei
Kei te taha o te niho, Ko nga tohutohu me nga papa taapiri kua oti nga waahanga mahi. Tautoko, Ko nga pukoro me nga taputapu kaua e pakaru, whakakorikoria ranei. Ko te tikanga ka kaha ake nga here whakatika.
Huinga Whakataunga Rack Hononga
Ka taea e nga waahanga takitahi te tirotiro i te tinana engari ka taka ki te hononga. Te raupapa wahanga, ringa o te helix, te papa tahi, Ko te waahi o te toka me te tirohanga turanga kua whakauruhia me whakauru ki te huarahi whakamana.
Tautuhia nga ahuatanga whakahaere
Kaua e whakamahi i te "rack straightness" hei uara whakaaetanga kotahi. Ka taea e te tuhi te whakahaere motuhake:
- te tika, te papatahi ranei o te mata whakapuru o muri;
- te tika o te mata ira taha;
- te piko me te piko o te taha ki runga o te rohe, te roa tonu ranei;
- he hurihanga koki ranei i te taha o te whatanga;
- te whakarara, te whakatakotoranga ranei i waenga i nga tohu o muri me te taha;
- te hononga i waenga i te raina pitch/te aronga niho me nga tohu tinana;
- tohu niho, arahi, te ahua o te papa me te taha;
- tūnga whakapuru-poka me te āhuahanga hononga-mutunga;
- wahanga-ki-waahanga te haere tonu o te pitch;
- kua whakaurua te whakamuri me te whakapiri niho ki te pinion;
- te tika o te nekehanga, haruru, wiri ranei i roto i te tuaka huihui.
Ka taea e te whakatikatika te awe i te ahuahanga tinana o te ao me te takotoranga. E kore e whakatika aunoa i te hapa o te papa, tohu niho, kino maimoatanga wera, tūnga whakapuru-poka, āhuahanga pinion ranei.
Whakapumautia te Hierarchy Datum
Ko te otinga me wehewehe nga tohutoro e rima:
- te tuhi i nga papa tohu e whakaatu ana i te manawanui;
- nga tautoko tinana e whakamahia ana e te miihini whakatikatika;
- nga ara ine hei tatau i te piko me te whiri;
- te turanga whakapuru me te tohutoro taha i whakamahia i te wa o te whakaurunga;
- te tohutoro pitch/mesh i whakamahia me te pinion.
Ka noho pea te whatanga ki runga i te mata o muri i te wa e tirotirohia ana, engari ehara i te mea ka taea e nga whakatikatika katoa te uta i te mata kotahi. Waihoki, kaore i te hono aunoa tetahi taputapu miihini pumau ki te turanga miihini kua whakauruhia.
Te ine i te ahua o te tinana me te ahua o te niho
He rereke nga tohu o te tinana me nga niho. Ko nga kanohi papatahi me te taha taha e pai ana mo te hanga ano i te ahuahanga whatanga kua tukuna ina e tika ana te tuhi me te kore e pakaru.. Ko nga taha niho me nga ahuatanga e pa ana ki te pitch me ine ine-aahua.
*Engineering concept illustration.* It shows multi-track scanning and does not prescribe contact probes on every tooth or one universal sensor layout.
| Riu Ine | Putanga Matua | Morearea Matua |
|---|---|---|
| Mata whakapuru tuara | Piko poutū / mata papatahi | Tauhohenga tautoko, haukoti poka me te parahanga o te mata |
| Te kanohi datum taha | Piko taha | Burrs, nga tohu miihini o te rohe me te noho ritekore |
| E rua nga ara tinana wehe | Te takotoranga koki / takahurihuri | Te ruruku o te pūoko i te kore ōritenga, te rerekētanga kōtaha rānei |
| Tohutoro taha niho | Te hononga o te raina niho ki te tinana | Ka pohehe te ahua o te niho mo te piko o te ao |
| Nga pito hono | Te whakatikatika i te waahanga me te taahiraa | Whakamutunga chamfer, kino, he ota waahanga ranei |
| Piona matua, ine mahi ranei | Te hononga mata / whakapā | Hapa pinion, whakapuru hanganga ture me te tatūnga whakamuri |
Ko te inenga-roa me whakamahi i nga teihana tuhi me nga kohao kanohi, nga totohu, chamfers me te korenga. Mo te whatanga helical, ko te tohu niho ka neke axially me te waahi ine, no reira e kore e taea e te algorithm te mahi ano he mata papatahi tonu.
Mana Tautoko Awe me te Nekeneke Free
Ko nga whaa roa ka paopao i raro i o raatau taumaha. Tau tautoko, mokowā, teitei me te waku na reira ka huri i te pihi kua kitea. He maha rawa nga tautoko maataki ka kaha ki te aukati i te whatanga; he tokoiti rawa ka taea te hanga i te sag nui.
Me tautuhi te tunu:
- taunga tautoko me nga kanohi whakapā;
- takotoranga tereina me te aronga niho;
- te nekehanga roa kore utu i te wa e whakatika whakapae;
- maimoatanga sag me te huru pāmahana;
- te uta me te raupapa tuku;
- tautoko i te ma me te pehanga whakapiri e whakaaetia ana;
- te hononga ki te mehua a te kaihoko, ki te turanga whakapuru ranei.
Ko nga rauemi whakamaarama a Galdabini e whakaatu ana i nga whatanga tapawha kua tuu noa ki runga i nga tautoko me te kaha whakapae me te karapa roa tonu.. Ko te maataapono ka taea te whakawhiti me ine me te whakatika i te whatanga me te kore he awhi pohehe e huna ana i tona huringa.; ko te tikanga o te whakataetae whakataetae ehara i te oati mo nga mahi puta noa i te waahi.
Tiaki Tohu Niho, Nga taha me nga Rohe Whakapakeke
Me noho te punaha niho hei rohe mahi maru ki te kore e whakamahia he tohu tohu kua whakaaetia.
Karekau he Tautoko Aki-Niho
Ka taea e nga awhina whaiti i raro i nga tohu niho te hanga kino o te rohe me te noho kore e tau. Me whakapā atu nga kaitautoko ki nga papa papatahi kua whakaaetia, ki nga whenua patunga tapu/tukatuka ranei.
Karekau he pehi ma te Raina Niho
Ko te hu whakatika kia kaua e tuku i te pikaunga piko ma nga tohu niho, taha taha ranei. Te waahi ka tuuhia e te whatanga nga niho ki te taha tauhohenga, ka hiahia te taputapu ki tetahi hongere whakaora kia maamaa nga niho.
Hoapā Mana i runga i nga Datum kua oti
Ka taea e nga papa maa whanui te tohatoha i te kaha ki runga i te tuara, taha taha ranei. Rauemi raina, matūriki tāmau, me whakamanahia te radius tapa me te whanonga retireti.
Te Maama me te Kapiti Rohe
Ka taea e te whakaurunga, te whakamaroke keehi ranei te hanga i te ngawari o te rohe me te ahotea. Ko te tuhi whatanga me te ara whakamaimoa wera me whakatau mena ka whakaaetia te whakatikatika tata ki te pakiaka niho, ki te whakawhiti pakeke ranei. Ko nga tauira whakamatautau me uru ki te tirotiro i te mata/kapiti tika.
Piko Poutū Tika, Ko te Piko me te Twist
Ko enei e toru nga ahuatanga rereke engari he rereke.
| Wehenga | Inenga | Tikanga Whakatikatika Tikanga | Takina ano |
|---|---|---|---|
| Piko poutū | Te teitei o muri-mata ma te teihana | Tautoko whanui me te kawenga whakahaere i runga i te mata papatahi kua whakaaetia | Poutū tonu, te taha taha me te mapi takahuri |
| Piko taha | Te tuunga taha-ira ma te teihana | Ko te whakatika i te tohu whakapae me te neke kore-roa | Mapi katoa me te hononga niho/tinana |
| kopikopiko | Huringa koki i waenga i nga ara wehe | Ko nga upoko toronga e rite ana ki runga i tetahi waahanga kua tohua | Pikohia me te mapi koki i muri i te tukunga |
Ko te MAE e whakaatu ana i te whakatikatika toronga mo nga whatanga, arai arataki me nga pae porohita miro hei mahi whakatapua mo te kotahi, neke atu ranei nga waahanga. No reira me ine ano te Torsion, te rawhi me te tauira o te puna, kaua e kiia he hua ohorere na te piko.
*Engineering concept illustration.* It shows the teeth facing into a clearance channel while the press acts only on the flat back. Te whakatakotoranga tuturu, whanga tautoko, Ko te awhiowhio hu me te rohe kaha me whai whakamanatanga tauira.
Whakaorangia te Rack Joint and Pitch Alignment
He maha nga wa ka whakamahia e nga toki roa nga waahanga whatanga maha. Ko te whakatikatika tinana kaore e taea te whakaae ki te kore he rautaki tahi.
Ko te arataki whakaurunga whaa whaimana a KHK e whakamahi ana i te ariā hono mo te whatanga / mehua mo te tirohanga o te ware katahi ka tirotirohia te whakapuru haumaru., whakamuri, haruru/wiriwiri rereke, me te paheketanga o te whakapiri taha. He mana whakauru enei, ehara i te hua aunoa o te whakatikatika.
Me tautuhi te kaupapa:
- tuakiri wahanga me te raupapa whakaurunga;
- ringa niho torotika ranei;
- tikanga tirohanga tahi-pitch;
- e whakaaetia ana te hikoi i waenga i nga datums tuara me te taha;
- te aputa, te ahua mutunga ranei e ai ki te hoahoa whatanga kua tohua;
- te raupapa toka/pou me te kounga o te turanga-whakapuru;
- te whakamuri o te pinion me te tirotiro whakapiri-niho;
- te rohe kawenga i waenga i te ahuahanga whatanga kua tukuna me te whakaurunga o nga kaihoko.
Kaua e kape i tetahi aputa, uara whakamuri ranei mai i tetahi atu raupapa whatanga. Ko te uara kua whakaaetia ka ahu mai i te tuhi tuhi me te whakaurunga a te kaihanga rack/pinion.
Tukatuka Kati-Koropiko e Manakohia ana
1. Tautuhia te Rack
Tīpakohia te tunu kua whakamanahia mai i te nama waahanga, wahanga, roa, momo niho, kōwae/te porowhita, te pakeke me te waahi tukanga.
2. Tirotiro me te horoi
Tirohia te pakaru o nga niho, burrs, waikura, kapiti, poka hē, he he te tuakiri wahanga me etahi atu tikanga whakakore. Tango maramara me te poke mai i nga papa tohu kua whakaaetia.
3. Utaina ki runga i nga Mata Tinana kua Whakamanahia
Whakaritea tika te raina niho me nga tohu. Whakapumautia te noho me te kore whakamahi i nga niho hei tautoko.
4. Matawai i te Geometry Tinana-Katoa
Te ine i te mata o muri, side datum and angular orientation along the defined station map. Mask holes, ends and discontinuities.
5. Evaluate Tooth/Body Relationship
Use the approved feature method where tooth-line orientation or pitch-related alignment is controlled. Keep tooth-form error separate from body bend.
6. Select a Safe Correction Mode
Choose vertical bending, lateral bending or torsion correction. The selection should follow the same engineering distinction used when comparing point-press and continuous roller straightening: a profiled rack with discrete protected zones normally needs location-specific correction rather than an assumed through-feed process. Apply no-press/no-clamp zones for teeth, rua, hardened transitions and joint ends.
7. Hoatuhia te Whakatikatika Mana
Use broad profile-matched tooling with force/displacement or torque/angle monitoring. Limit correction by the validated material and hardness envelope.
8. Tuku me te Inenga
Judge only the unloaded rack. Remeasure every controlled direction because correcting one plane can affect another.
9. Verify Surface and Joint Requirements
Inspect tooth flanks/tips, back and side datums, rua me nga paearu kapiti e hiahiatia ana. Mo nga punaha wehewehe, mahia te hononga hono kua tautuhia, te tirotiro ine mahi ranei.
10. Tuhia me te Wewete
Te tuakiri whatanga toa, arotakenga tunu, i mua/i muri i nga mapi, hītori whakatika, nga whakaoho me te tuunga i te wa e hiahiatia ana te whaiwhai.
Koreutu Rack Geometry vs Mesh kua whakauruhia
| State | He aha e whakaatu ana | He aha e kore e whakaatuhia |
|---|---|---|
| Whatanga tautoko kore utu | Ko te piko o te tinana ka tukuna i raro i tetahi tauira tautoko kua tautuhia | Totika turanga whakamutunga, nga paanga raka, te whakapiri pinion ranei |
| Rack in inspective fixture | Ko te Geometry e pa ana ki te tohu tohu tohu | Ko te turanga o nga kaihoko me te whanonga pumau |
| Nga waahanga whatanga i runga i te turanga miihini | Tirohanga hono i raro i te raupapa whakaurunga | Te tika o te pinion, te whakahaere kawenga ranei i a ia ano |
| Rack with master/production pinion | Whakamuri/whakapā i raro i te tatūnga kua tautuhia | Ia tere mahi, utaina, whakahinuhinu te ahua ora ranei |
The quotation and acceptance protocol must state which state is controlled by the straightening machine and which checks remain part of installation or system commissioning.
Whirihoranga Pūtau i whakaarohia
| Mahi | Whirihoranga Kaupapa-motuhake |
|---|---|
| Te whakahaere | ā-ringa, assisted, portal or automated loading based on rack length/mass |
| Tautuhinga | Barcode/data matrix or validated model selection |
| Tautoko | Low-friction broad pads contacting approved back/side faces |
| Inenga | Multi-track full-length contact or non-contact scanning |
| Tooth feature check | Profile-aware sensor, master feature or off-line gauge as specified |
| Bend correction | Horizontal/vertical press axes or controlled rack reorientation |
| Torsion correction | Integrated or separate profile-matched torque heads |
| Parenga | Tooth-clearance channels, clean liners and keep-out maps |
| Te whaiwhai | Before/after curves, correction history and recipe revision |
| Haumaru | Guarding for long-part movement, press force and stored torsional energy |
Tauira Whakamātautau me te Whakaaetanga
Ko te tauira matrix me kapi te waahanga iti/mōrahi me te roa, nga momo rereke tika/helika, rauemi me te awhe pakeke, tauira poka, kāhua tahi, te wahanga whakangao me te tohanga piko/twwhiu taumai. Whakauruhia nga waahanga angamaheni me nga waahanga uaua kaua i nga tauira ngawari kua tohua.
Me tautuhi te whakaaetanga:
- ia ahuatanga, tohu me te ara ine;
- te tautoko me te whakatakotoranga i te wa e tirotirohia ana;
- poutū/taha piko me nga ture whakatau;
- paearu mata niho me te mata;
- te hononga ine me te ine inenga;
- te honohono-a-te-a-te-waahanga ranei e tika ana;
- kua whakaaetia te tatau whakatika me nga rohe whakatika-whakamuri;
- nga whakaritenga tirotiro pakeke / kapiti;
- huringa tauira, rohe huringa me te whaiwhai;
- te ahua-kore-kore.
Whakamahia te Whakatikatika Tauira Whakamātautau me te Aratohu Whakaaetanga i mua i te tono i te hua miihini whakapumau.
Ko nga korero e hiahiatia ana mo te tono
Tena koa homai:
- whatanga me nga tuhi-piriona;
- momo niho torotika/helika, kōwae, porowhita ranei ware me te koki pehanga;
- wahanga tinana, awhe roa me te wahanga/whakaritenga tahi;
- rauemi, pakeke, ara maimoatanga wera me te waahi whakaoti niho;
- whakamuri/taha whakamāramatanga tohu me te hononga niho-niho;
- poutū/taha taha tika me nga whakaritenga whiri;
- te tohu niho / te arahi / te papa me nga rohe whakaae-whakapiri;
- kohao whakapuru, poupou, nga pito hono me nga rohe whakamarumaru;
- tautoko whakaaetia, rawhi me nga papa whakatika;
- tohatoha whakakino taumai;
- ine kiritaki, tikanga whakapuru-turanga me te pinion-mesh;
- mata, kapiti, nga paearu me te ma;
- ranunga tauira, te rahi o te puranga, te puta me te hiahia aunoatanga;
- māngai pai, tauira angamaheni me te uaua.
FAQ
He whatanga taputapu ahumahi he rite ki te whatanga urungi waka?
Kao. Ko te whatanga ahumahi te nuinga he tapawha roa, tapawha ranei te mema tuku e mau ana ki te turanga miihini. Ko te whatanga urungi waka he rite tonu te ahua o te rakau me nga niho o te rohe, hautaka me te ahuahanga waka-motuhake.
Ka taea e te miihini te pehi tika ki nga niho?
Ko te tikanga kaore. Me noho tonu nga pito niho me nga taha ki waho o te ara kawenga whakatika. Ko nga taputapu motuhake me tautoko me te pehi i nga papa o te tinana papatahi me te awhina i nga niho.
Ka taea e tetahi miihini te whakatika i te piko me te whiri?
Ae, mena kua whakamanahia e ia te ine aronga-maha me nga mahi whakatikatika piko/toro. Me ine ano nga ahunga whakahaere katoa i muri i te tukunga.
He tika te mata o muri o te mata o muri?
Kao. Ka whakawhirinaki ano te mata ki te papa o te niho, whakapuru whatanga-ki-pinion, te tirohanga tahi, whakamuri, te hangahanga turanga me te tika o te pinion. Ko te whakatikatika tinana tetahi paparanga mana.
Ka taea e nga whatanga torotika me te totoro te tiri i tetahi tohutao?
Ehara i te aunoa. Ko te ahunga niho helical ka huri i te whakamaoritanga ine, nga whakaritenga inenga tahi me te whakatakotoranga ahuatanga kua tiakina. Ka taea e ratou te tiri i tetahi papahanga me nga taputapu motuhake-tauira me nga tohutao whaimana.
Kia pehea te roa o nga whatanga kua wehea?
Ko ia waahanga me tuku mana ahuahanga, me te huinga whakaurunga e hiahia ana ki te tirotiro hono-piri/whakatikanga. Te tuakiri wahanga, ota, Ko te turanga whakapuru me te raupapa whakamau he waahanga o te huarahi whakaae.
He aha me mohio i mua i te tika o te whakahua?
Ko te ahuatanga tuhi, tau, kāwanatanga tautoko, momo niho, pakeke, tohatoha taumai, me mohio te hononga ine me nga hua tauira. Kare e taea e te tau whakamaarama te whakakapi i tenei whakamaramatanga.
Hangaia te Otinga mai i te Rack-and-Pinion System
Ko te whakatikatika whatanga taputapu ahumahi me whakahaere neke atu i te kotahi te mata papatahi. Ka whakarite i te piko o te tinana, totoro, tiaki niho, te tirohanga hono me te rohe i waenga i te ahuahanga whatanga kua tukuna me te mata kua oti te whakanoho.
Hei kaiwhakarato otinga whakatika me te kaihanga taputapu, whirihorahia e matou te ine, tautoko, nga mahi piko me te toronga huri noa i te whanau whatanga. Tohaina to tuhi whatanga/pinion, whakamāramatanga rākau, he rerekee te ahua me nga tauira tohu kia taea ai e to taatau roopu miihini te whakarite i tetahi mahere whakamana kaupapa-motuhake.